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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

50.8K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

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Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
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Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

3.2K
Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
3.2K
Intestinal Phase of Digestion01:29

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

12.3K
The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
The arrival of the chyme in the small intestine distends the duodenum, which triggers the enterogastric reflex. This distension...
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Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

5.2K
Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus
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A duodenal role in gastrin release.

J R Hayes, J Ardill, T L Kennedy

    Gut
    |August 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    The duodenum plays a key role in releasing gastrin, a hormone crucial for digestion. Studies show protein introduced into the duodenum triggers earlier and higher gastrin release compared to the stomach.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Endocrinology
    • Surgical Research

    Background:

    • Gastrin is a key hormone regulating gastric acid secretion.
    • The precise mechanisms of gastrin release, particularly in post-gastric surgery patients, require further elucidation.
    • Previous observations suggested a potential role for the upper gastrointestinal tract beyond the stomach in gastrin regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the duodenum in mediating the plasma gastrin response to protein feeding.
    • To compare gastrin release patterns when protein is introduced into the stomach versus the duodenum.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma gastrin levels were measured in patients with dumping syndrome, pyloric stenosis, and asymptomatic post-gastric surgery patients.
    • Protein-rich stimuli were administered directly into the duodenum and stomach in separate trials.

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    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mysteries of Sichuan's Herbal Medicine in Chinese Medicine Research
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  • Gastrin levels were monitored to assess the timing and magnitude of the hormonal response.

    • Main Results:

    • Feeding protein directly into the duodenum resulted in earlier peak plasma gastrin levels compared to direct gastric administration.
    • The duodenum appears to be a significant site for initiating the gastrin release cascade in response to protein.
    • Variations in gastrin response were observed across patient groups, highlighting the impact of gastric surgery and associated conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The duodenum is a critical component in the physiological mechanism of gastrin release stimulated by protein.
    • Understanding duodenal involvement in gastrin release is important for managing digestive disorders and post-surgical complications.
    • Further research can explore the specific duodenal factors and pathways involved in this hormonal regulation.