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The human limbus. A scanning electron microscopic study.

J V Greiner, H I Covington, M R Allansmith

    Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human limbal epithelium cells exhibit diverse shapes and sizes, with distinct microvillar borders. These findings differentiate limbal epithelium from conjunctiva and cornea.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Cell Biology
    • Microscopy

    Background:

    • The limbus is a critical transitional zone between the cornea and conjunctiva.
    • Understanding the limbal epithelium's surface morphology is essential for ocular surface research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the surface ultrastructure of human limbal epithelial cells using scanning electron microscopy.
    • To compare the limbal epithelium's surface features with those of the cornea and conjunctiva.

    Main Methods:

    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine fourteen human limbal biopsy specimens.
    • Epithelial cell surface characteristics, including shape, size, and surface projections, were analyzed.

    Main Results:

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  • Human limbal epithelial cells displayed significant variation in size (3-20 microns) and shape, forming irregular polygonal patterns.
  • Distinct microvilli and occasional microplicae were observed on cell surfaces; light and dark cells were randomly distributed.
  • Intercellular crypt openings (1-10 microns), potentially related to goblet cells and often plugged with mucus, were identified.

    • Conclusions:

    • The human limbal epithelium possesses unique surface ultrastructural features.
    • These characteristics distinguish the limbal epithelium from the corneal and conjunctival epithelia.
    • The observed crypt openings may play a role in ocular surface homeostasis.