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Human endurance--mind or muscle?

D E Taylor

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    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autonomic blockade affects cardiovascular responses to physical stress. Psychological factors, influenced by perceived reward or punishment, impact physical performance and autonomic nervous system activity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Psychology
    • Cardiovascular Research

    Background:

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular responses to various stressors.
    • Understanding how ANS blockade and psychological factors influence physical performance is important for optimizing human capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of autonomic blockade on cardiovascular responses during physical and physiological stress tests.
    • To examine the impact of psychological stress, framed as reward or punishment, on physical performance and cardiovascular reactivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Autonomic blockade using propranolol (beta-adrenergic), atropine (cholinergic), and phenoxybenzamine (alpha-adrenergic) was employed.
    • Cardiovascular responses (blood pressure, pulse rate) were measured during a step test, isometric grip test, and Valsalva maneuver.
    • Psychological stress was induced via 'reward' and 'punishment' scenarios during isometric grip tests.

    Main Results:

    • Beta-adrenergic blockade attenuated blood pressure and pulse rate responses to step and grip tests.
    • Cholinergic blockade affected pulse rate during the step test.
    • Alpha-adrenergic blockade influenced blood pressure and pulse rate during the Valsalva maneuver.
    • Psychological 'punishment' increased cardiovascular response and decreased grip endurance, while 'reward' enhanced grip strength and endurance.

    Conclusions:

    • Autonomic nervous system activity is significantly modulated by pharmacological blockade and psychological context.
    • Perception of situations as 'reward' or 'punishment' critically influences physical performance and autonomic responses.
    • Inappropriate autonomic nervous system responses can mediate adverse effects on performance under psychological stress.