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Acute asthma compared with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: changes in complement.

R D Monie, R Fifield, B H Davies

    Clinical Allergy
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found no evidence of excessive complement system utilization in acute asthma patients. Complement levels showed a normal range fall in both asthma and bronchitis patients, with a quicker decline observed in bronchitis cases.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pulmonology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The complement system plays a crucial role in immune responses.
    • Acute severe asthma and chronic bronchitis exacerbations can trigger inflammatory processes.
    • Understanding complement system dynamics in these conditions is important for potential therapeutic targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate complement component levels in patients with acute severe asthma and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
    • To determine if excessive complement utilization occurs in acute asthma.
    • To compare complement level changes between asthma and bronchitis patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of complement components (C4, C3, factor B) at admission, 1 day, and 7 days post-admission.

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  • Study included 20 patients with acute severe asthma and 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
  • Statistical comparison of complement levels between the two patient groups.

    • Main Results:

    • No hypocomplementaemia was observed in any patient.
    • A mean fall within the normal range for C4, C3, and factor B was noted in both groups.
    • Complement component levels fell earlier in chronic bronchitis patients compared to asthma patients.
    • A significant fall in C3 was observed at 24 hours in chronic bronchitis patients versus asthma patients (P>0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • There is no evidence of excessive complement utilization in acute asthma.
    • Complement component levels decrease normally during acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic bronchitis.
    • The earlier complement component fall in chronic bronchitis may be linked to infection or corticosteroid treatment.