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Sugar effects on murine sarcoma virus transformation
Abstract:
Transformation of NIH Swiss mouse fibroblasts by a murine sarcoma virus was influenced by the type of carbohydrate in the culture medium. Exposure to D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose caused a reduction in the number of transformed colonies in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. This is a new type of interference in the transformation process, manifested also by the absence of the pronounced enhancement of hexose entry into transformed cells, characteristic of a sarcoma virus infection. The uptake of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose, was repressed by normal mouse cells grown in the presence of D-mannose and D-glucose in the medium, while uptake of the same sugars was derepressed in cells grown in media containing D-xylose, L-xylose, or L-arabinose. D-Galactose had an intermediate effect on hexose uptake and permitted derepression. In every case, enhancement of the primary transport by sarcoma virus transformation was consistently beyond that observed at any time in the derepressed control cells, demonstrating the occurrence of another mechanism of enhancement of hexose uptake after sarcoma virus infection.
Insights
Carbohydrates like D-mannose affect murine sarcoma virus transformation. Specific sugars repressed hexose uptake in normal mouse cells, altering tumor formation and viral transformation.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Virology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Murine sarcoma virus (MSV) infection leads to enhanced hexose uptake in transformed cells.
- The role of specific carbohydrates in modulating viral transformation and cellular metabolism is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of different carbohydrates in culture media on MSV-induced fibroblast transformation.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which carbohydrates affect hexose uptake and viral transformation.
Main Methods:
- NIH Swiss mouse fibroblasts were cultured in media supplemented with various carbohydrates (D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose).
- Assessed the number of transformed colonies in vitro and tumor formation in vivo.
- Measured the uptake of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose in normal and transformed cells under different carbohydrate conditions.
Main Results:
- D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced the number of transformed colonies and tumor formation.
- These sugars repressed hexose uptake in normal mouse cells, interfering with the characteristic enhancement seen in MSV-infected cells.
- D-xylose, L-xylose, and L-arabinose derepressed hexose uptake, while D-galactose had an intermediate effect.
- MSV transformation consistently enhanced hexose uptake beyond levels observed in derepressed control cells, indicating an additional viral mechanism.
Conclusions:
- The type of carbohydrate in the culture medium significantly influences MSV-induced transformation.
- Specific carbohydrates can interfere with viral transformation by modulating hexose uptake pathways.
- MSV infection employs distinct mechanisms to enhance hexose uptake, independent of cellular metabolic states induced by external sugars.