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Microcytosis associated with sickle cell anemia.

B E Glader, R D Propper, G R Buchanan

    American Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sickle cell (Hb SS) anemia exhibits relative microcytosis, meaning red blood cells are smaller than expected for a hemolytic disorder. This suggests impaired hemoglobin production in sickle cell disease patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Red blood cell disorders

    Background:

    • Sickle cell (Hb SS) anemia is typically classified as a normochromic-normocytic hemolytic disorder.
    • Hemolytic disorders are characterized by increased red blood cell destruction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the red blood cell indices, specifically mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), in patients with sickle cell anemia.
    • To compare these indices with those of patients suffering from other hemolytic diseases unrelated to hemoglobinopathies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of MCH and MCV values in 53 patients diagnosed with Hb SS anemia.
    • Comparison of these values with a control group of patients with comparable hemolytic diseases not caused by hemoglobinopathies.
    • Measurement of mean reticulocyte values in both groups to assess hemolytic activity.

    Main Results:

    • Patients with Hb SS anemia (mean reticulocyte values 16.8%) showed a mean MCH of 29.8 +/- 2.4 μg and a mean MCV of 88.1 +/- 6.8 μm³.
    • In contrast, the comparable hemolytic disease group (mean reticulocyte count 15.7%) exhibited a higher mean MCH (33.0 +/- 1.8 μg) and larger mean MCV (97 +/- 5.3 μm³).
    • These findings indicate that Hb SS disease is associated with "relative microcytosis".

    Conclusions:

    • Sickle cell anemia is characterized by relative microcytosis, despite being classified as normocytic.
    • This relative microcytosis is likely a consequence of reduced hemoglobin production, a hallmark of sickle cell disease.
    • The study highlights the importance of considering red blood cell indices in the context of specific disease pathophysiology.

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