Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH<sub>4</sub> release in a whole room indirect calorimeter.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2023

Same author

Nitrogen and Iron Availability Drive Metabolic Remodeling and Natural Selection of Diverse Phytoplankton during Experimental Upwelling.

mSystems·2022

Same author

Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022

Same author

C-reactive protein trajectory to predict colorectal anastomotic leak: PREDICT Study.

The British journal of surgery·2020

Same author

The LAPLAP study: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing postoperative functional recovery using intraperitoneal local anaesthetic in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·2019

Same author

Characterization of adult obesity in Florida using the OneFlorida clinical research consortium.

Obesity science & practice·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in hyperthyroidism.

S R Smith, D W Burton, J L Izenstark

Archives of Internal Medicine

|July 1, 1979

Summary

A new radioimmunoassay accurately measures low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This enhanced assay effectively distinguishes hyperthyroidism from normal thyroid function and identifies specific cases of T3 toxicosis.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Radioimmunoassay Development
Thyroid Function Testing

Background:

Accurate measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is crucial for diagnosing thyroid disorders.
Existing assays may lack sensitivity at the lower end of the normal range, complicating differential diagnosis.
Distinguishing between hyperthyroidism and subclinical thyroid dysfunction requires sensitive TSH detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for measuring serum TSH.
To evaluate the assay's utility in differentiating hyperthyroid patients from normal individuals.
To assess TSH levels in patients with elevated triiodothyronine (T3) to identify 'T3 toxicosis'.

Main Methods:

A modified TSH radioimmunoassay was developed using dog serum, reduced 125I-labeled TSH, and antiserum.

More Related Videos

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Assay sensitivity was determined, with a standard deviation of B0 points at 1%, indicating <0.1 microU/mL sensitivity.

Serum TSH levels were measured in normal subjects, hyperthyroid patients, and individuals with elevated T3.

Main Results:

The modified TSH assay demonstrated sensitivity below 0.1 microU/mL.
Normal subjects had TSH values ranging from <0.1 to 4.1 microU/mL (97% > 0.2 microU/mL).
All hyperthyroid patients exhibited TSH levels ≤ 0.2 microU/mL, while those with elevated T3 showed variable TSH (<0.1 to 1.8 microU/mL).

Conclusions:

The modified TSH radioimmunoassay is effective in distinguishing hyperthyroid patients from normal subjects.
The assay's sensitivity allows for the identification of low TSH levels characteristic of hyperthyroidism.
Variable TSH levels in patients with elevated T3 suggest heterogeneity and aid in diagnosing specific 'T3 toxicosis' cases.