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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Multimodal Quantitative Phase Imaging with Digital Holographic Microscopy Accurately Assesses Intestinal Inflammation and Epithelial Wound Healing

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Serial pH changes in the duodenal bulb during smoking.

S N Murthy¹, V P Dinoso, H R Clearfield

¹Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102.

Gastroenterology

|July 1, 1978

Summary

Smoking significantly lowers duodenal bulb pH in both normal and high acid secretors. This prolonged acidity during smoking may contribute to the link between smoking and peptic ulcer disease.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Physiology

Background:

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common gastrointestinal condition.
Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for PUD.
The precise mechanisms linking smoking to PUD are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the pH of the duodenal bulb.
To compare the effects in individuals with normal gastric acid secretion (normosecretors) versus those with high secretion (hypersecretors).

Main Methods:

A study involving 20 participants (10 normosecretors, 10 hypersecretors).
pH monitoring of the duodenal bulb using a Beckman pH electrode over three 1-hour periods: basal, smoking, and post-smoking.
Measurement of bicarbonate output in a subset of hypersecretors.

Main Results:

Duodenal bulb pH remained significantly lower during the smoking period compared to the basal period for both groups.
Hypersecretors experienced prolonged acidic pH (<3.5) in the duodenal bulb during smoking (60%) compared to normosecretors (20%).
Smokers within the hypersecretor group showed more consistent and prolonged acidic bulbar pH during smoking than non-smokers.

Conclusions:

Persistently acidic duodenal bulb pH during smoking may partially explain the association between cigarette smoking and peptic ulcer disease.
The degree and duration of duodenal bulb acidification during smoking are influenced by an individual's gastric acid secretory status and smoking habits.