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Microbial utilization of crude oil.

A Jobson, F D Cook, D W Westlake

    Applied Microbiology
    |June 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacterial cultures readily degraded crude oil at 4 and 30°C, preferentially consuming n-saturates. Microbial enrichment on specific crude oil types improved their degradation efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Environmental Science
    • Petroleum Science

    Background:

    • Crude oil biodegradation is crucial for environmental remediation.
    • Bacterial consortia play a key role in hydrocarbon degradation.
    • Temperature and oil quality influence microbial utilization efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate bacterial utilization of different crude oil qualities at varying temperatures.
    • To identify the specific hydrocarbon fractions degraded by microbial cultures.
    • To assess the impact of enrichment strategies on biodegradation efficacy.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized pure and mixed bacterial cultures obtained through enrichment.
    • Incubated cultures with two crude oil samples of different quality at 4°C and 30°C.
    • Analyzed oil composition changes using liquid and gas-liquid chromatography before and after incubation.

    Main Results:

    • Bacterial growth, emulsification, and crude oil utilization were observed at both temperatures.
    • Crude oil residue increased in specific gravity and sedimented.
    • Preferential degradation of the n-saturate fraction was evident, with some aromatic fraction utilization.
    • Microbial populations enriched on low-quality crude oil were more effective at degrading it.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial cultures can effectively degrade crude oil components at both low and moderate temperatures.
    • The n-saturate fraction of crude oil is the primary target for microbial degradation.
    • Enrichment procedures tailored to specific oil qualities enhance biodegradation efficiency.

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