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Cytolysis induced by human lymphotoxin.

S W Russell, W Rosenau, J C Lee

    The American Journal of Pathology
    |October 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human lymphotoxin induces two distinct cell death patterns: slow swelling and rapid shrinkage. These cytolysis forms, along with cell division inhibition, were also observed with sensitized lymphocytes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Human lymphotoxin is a key cytokine involved in immune responses.
    • Understanding lymphotoxin's cytotoxic mechanisms is crucial for immunology and cell biology research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the morphological and ultrastructural changes induced by human lymphotoxin.
    • To compare lymphotoxin-induced cytolysis with that caused by sensitized lymphocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase-contrast cinemicroscopy was used to observe live cells.
    • Ultrastructural analysis was performed on cells exposed to lymphotoxin.

    Main Results:

    • Lymphotoxin induced two distinct cytolysis forms: slow ballooning (1-2 hours) and rapid popcorn-type shrinkage (3-5 minutes).
    • Sensitized lymphocytes induced morphologically identical cytolysis.
    • Lymphotoxin inhibited cell division, with mitoses ceasing before cytolysis.
    • Early lysis showed ultrastructural changes resembling osmoregulatory failure, including mitochondrial condensation and endoplasmic reticulum dilation.

    Conclusions:

    • Human lymphotoxin triggers distinct cytolysis pathways with specific morphological and ultrastructural hallmarks.
    • Lymphotoxin-induced cell death shares similarities with failures in cellular osmoregulation.
    • The findings provide insights into lymphotoxin's cytotoxic effects and potential therapeutic targets.

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