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Oral immunization of mice with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine
Abstract:
A study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of oral, parenteral, and intraperitoneal immunization methods of administering killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine to mice and to evaluate the effectiveness of single and multiple doses of the vaccine containing varied numbers of the killed bacteria. A further objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding substances to the vaccine to which have been ascribed "adjuvant" properties. The protection was estimated by isolation of bacteria from the spleen and feces after oral challenge of the mice with live S. typhimurium. The results showed that one or more doses of 10(10) organisms given orally led to significant protection. This rate of protection increased proportionately with the number of doses up to 10 doses, which offered 100% protection. Streptomycin, when added to multiple doses of 10(9) or more organisms given orally, increased the degree of protection, but beryllium sulfate and pertussis vaccine did not. Although multiple doses afforded similar systemic protection by all three routes of immunization, oral immunization yielded significantly greater local protection than that observed after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal immunization.
Insights
Oral immunization with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine provides significant protection against infection in mice. Multiple doses and streptomycin as an adjuvant enhance this protective effect, especially for local immunity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Salmonella typhimurium infections pose a significant public health concern.
- Developing effective vaccination strategies is crucial for controlling bacterial infections.
- Understanding the impact of immunization routes and adjuvants is key to vaccine efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of oral, parenteral, and intraperitoneal immunization with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine in mice.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of single versus multiple vaccine doses and varying bacterial concentrations.
- To investigate the adjuvant properties of streptomycin, beryllium sulfate, and pertussis vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Mice were immunized via oral, parenteral, or intraperitoneal routes with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine.
- Vaccine doses varied in bacterial numbers (10(9) to 10(10) organisms) and administration frequency.
- Protection was evaluated by challenging mice with live S. typhimurium and quantifying bacterial presence in spleen and feces.
Main Results:
- Oral administration of one or more doses of 10(10) organisms resulted in significant protection.
- Protection increased with the number of oral doses, reaching 100% with 10 doses.
- Streptomycin enhanced protection with oral doses of 10(9) or more organisms; beryllium sulfate and pertussis vaccine did not show adjuvant effects.
Conclusions:
- Oral immunization with killed Salmonella typhimurium is a highly effective strategy for inducing protection.
- Multiple oral doses and streptomycin significantly improve vaccine efficacy.
- Oral immunization provides superior local protection compared to parenteral routes.