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Related Experiment Videos

Maternally acquired runt disease.

A E Beer, R E Billingham

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 19, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Maternal immunization against fetal antigens can cause runt disease in offspring, suggesting immigrant lymphocytes from the mother cause this condition. Activated immune cells may cross the placenta more readily, potentially linking to infant lymphomas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Transplantation

    Background:

    • Maternal immunization against fetal antigens can occur without damaging the placenta.
    • Previous studies often failed to detect fetal effects of maternal immunity due to focusing on immediate rejection and using hyperimmunization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of maternal immunization against fetal transplantation antigens on offspring.
    • To explore the role of maternal lymphocytes in causing runt disease.
    • To understand the implications for transplacental cellular mobility and potential links to infant lymphomas.

    Main Methods:

    • Active and adoptive immunization of female mammals against paternally inherited fetal transplantation antigens.
    • Observation of offspring for runt disease and potential chimeric status.

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  • Analysis of factors contributing to previous failures in detecting transplacental immune effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal immunization led to a high incidence of runt disease in litters.
    • Results support the hypothesis that "unwanted" maternal lymphocytes cause runt disease.
    • Immunologically activated cells appear more mobile across the placenta than normal cells, irrespective of specific immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternally induced runt disease is mediated by immigrant maternal lymphocytes crossing the placenta.
    • The study suggests a potential link between subclinical maternal graft-versus-host reactivity and infant lymphomas, possibly through unmasking oncogenic viruses.
    • Male infants may be at higher risk for runt disease and potentially lymphomas, consistent with observed sex-based differences.