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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

27
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

35
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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Chronic-persistent hepatitis and pregnancy.

D S Infeld, H I Borkowf, R R Varma

    Gastroenterology
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pregnancy is safe for women with chronic-persistent hepatitis (CPH). This study found healthy mothers and babies, with no worsening liver disease during pregnancy for women with CPH.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Perinatology

    Background:

    • Chronic-persistent hepatitis (CPH) is a liver condition that may pose risks during pregnancy.
    • Previous studies have linked liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension, with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the course and risks of pregnancy in women diagnosed with chronic-persistent hepatitis (CPH).
    • To assess the safety of pregnancy for both mothers with CPH and their fetuses.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective evaluation of 7 women of reproductive age with CPH over a 3-8 year follow-up period.
    • Monitoring of pregnancy outcomes, maternal health, fetal development, and liver function markers.

    Main Results:

    • Ten pregnancies occurred, with six resulting in normal, full-term spontaneous vaginal deliveries.
    • Mothers experienced uncomplicated pre- and postnatal periods; all neonates were healthy and developmentally normal.
    • No evidence of worsening liver disease was observed biochemically or clinically during pregnancy.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy appears safe for women with chronic-persistent hepatitis (CPH), with no adverse effects on maternal or fetal health.
    • Fertility and ovulation were not significantly impaired in women with CPH.
    • Findings suggest CPH may not carry the same risks as more severe liver conditions like cirrhosis or portal hypertension during pregnancy.