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Cadaverine in bacteriophage T4.

L Astrachan, J F Miller

Journal of Virology

|May 1, 1973

Summary

Bacteriophage T4 grown anaerobically in complex media produced significant cadaverine, a polyamine derived solely from lysine. This finding highlights the influence of growth conditions on phage composition.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Virology
Microbiology

Background:

Polyamines are essential for cellular processes and can be incorporated into bacteriophages.
The composition of bacteriophages can be influenced by the growth conditions of their host bacteria.
Cadaverine, a diamine, has been observed in bacteriophage T4 under specific conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of different growth media and aeration methods on cadaverine production in bacteriophage T4.
To determine the primary source of cadaverine in bacteriophage T4 progeny.
To characterize the polyamine composition of bacteriophage T4 under varying Escherichia coli K-12 growth conditions.

Main Methods:

Culturing of Escherichia coli K-12 host cells in complex and synthetic media.
Aeration of cultures by agitation and vigorous bubbling.
Anaerobic growth conditions in complex media.
Analysis of polyamine content in progeny bacteriophage T4.

Main Results:

Cadaverine was detected in bacteriophage T4 when Escherichia coli K-12 was grown in complex media with agitation.
Trace amounts of cadaverine were found in synthetic media or with vigorous bubbling in complex media.
Anaerobic growth in complex media resulted in cadaverine being the major polyamine (80%) in progeny phage, alongside spermidine and putrescine.
Lysine was identified as the sole precursor for bacterial cadaverine synthesis.

Conclusions:

Bacterial growth conditions, specifically anaerobic fermentation in complex media, significantly enhance cadaverine accumulation in bacteriophage T4.
Lysine decarboxylation is the key pathway for cadaverine production under these conditions.
The polyamine composition of bacteriophages can be modulated by host cell metabolism and environmental factors.

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