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The agitated patient.

S Shevitz

    The Journal of Family Practice
    |August 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Emergency management of agitated patients requires identifying the cause of the behavioral disturbance. Physicians must evaluate organic factors and categorize agitation into drug intoxication, withdrawal, organic brain syndrome, or functional disorders for effective treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Toxicology

    Background:

    • Agitated behavior is a frequent challenge in emergency medicine, necessitating prompt and accurate diagnosis.
    • It is crucial to differentiate between descriptive agitation and underlying medical or psychiatric conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline a systematic approach for the emergency management of agitated patients.
    • To categorize the common etiologies of agitation and guide diagnostic evaluation.
    • To discuss appropriate pharmacological and psychological interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of common causes and diagnostic considerations for patient agitation.
    • Classification of agitated patients into four primary etiological categories.
    • Discussion of management strategies tailored to each category.

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    Main Results:

    • Agitation is a symptom, not a diagnosis, requiring thorough etiological investigation.
    • Key factors for evaluation include onset, concurrent illnesses, and potential organic contributions (delirium, dementia, drug use).
    • Four main categories identified: drug intoxication, drug withdrawal, organic brain syndrome, and functional disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective emergency management hinges on accurate etiological diagnosis of agitation.
    • A structured approach considering organic and functional factors improves patient outcomes.
    • Tailored pharmacological and psychological interventions are essential for managing agitated patients.