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Toxaphene insecticide: a complex biodegradable mixture.

J E Casida, R L Holmstead, S Khalifa

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 8, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Toxaphene, a pesticide, separates into over 175 compounds. Rats metabolically remove about half the chlorine from toxaphene and its toxic components.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Chemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Toxaphene is a complex mixture of polychlorinated bornanes used as an insecticide.
    • Understanding the composition and metabolic fate of toxaphene is crucial for assessing its environmental and health risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the complex mixture of toxaphene using advanced separation techniques.
    • To investigate the metabolic dechlorination of toxaphene in rats.

    Main Methods:

    • Adsorption and gas-liquid chromatography were employed to separate toxaphene.
    • Rats were used to study the metabolic dechlorination process.

    Main Results:

    • Toxaphene was separated into at least 175 polychlorinated 10-carbon compounds, including various chlorine substitution levels (Cl(6) to Cl(10)).

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  • A specific toxic component, 2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane, was identified.
  • Rats demonstrated metabolic dechlorination, removing approximately 50% of the chlorine from both technical toxaphene and its subfractions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Toxaphene's complex composition presents challenges for environmental and toxicological assessment.
    • Metabolic processes in rats significantly alter toxaphene's structure by reducing its chlorine content.
    • Further research is needed to understand the implications of these metabolic transformations on toxaphene's toxicity.