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Canine cyclic neutropenia. A stem cell defect.

P L Weiden, B Robinett, T C Graham

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |March 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Canine cyclic neutropenia, a condition causing low white blood cell counts, was studied in collie dogs. Marrow transplants revealed the defect lies within the bone marrow stem cells, explaining the cyclic blood count fluctuations.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Canine cyclic neutropenia is a rare blood disorder characterized by periodic drops in neutrophil counts.
    • The exact cause of cyclic hematopoiesis in dogs has been a subject of research, with implications for understanding stem cell defects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the origin of cyclic hematopoiesis in collie dogs.
    • To determine if the defect responsible for cyclic neutropenia resides in the bone marrow stem cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Two normal collie dogs underwent total body irradiation.
    • Successful bone marrow transplantation was performed using grafts from littermates affected by cyclic hematopoiesis.
    • Recipients were monitored for granulocyte and reticulocyte counts over extended periods.

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    Main Results:

    • Post-transplantation, the previously normal recipients exhibited regular cyclic fluctuations in granulocyte and reticulocyte counts.
    • These observed cycles mirrored the patterns seen in the original donor dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis.
    • The successful transfer of the cyclic phenotype via marrow grafts was confirmed.

    Conclusions:

    • Canine cyclic neutropenia is attributed to an intrinsic defect within the bone marrow stem cell population.
    • This study provides strong evidence that the hematopoietic stem cell is the source of the cyclic disorder.
    • Understanding this defect in dogs may offer insights into similar stem cell disorders in other species.