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Malaria in the United Kingdom.

L J Bruce-Chwatt, B A Southgate, C C Draper

    British Medical Journal
    |June 29, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    The United Kingdom has seen a significant increase in imported malaria cases, particularly Plasmodium falciparum infections from Africa, with a notable risk of delayed Plasmodium vivax malaria diagnosis in returning travelers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Global Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Tropical Medicine

    Background:

    • The United Kingdom ranks second in Europe for imported malaria cases over the last decade.
    • A recent three-year period shows a substantial rise in recorded malaria cases, potentially influenced by improved reporting.
    • Malaria poses a significant health risk to international travelers, especially those visiting endemic regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze trends and risks associated with imported malaria in the United Kingdom.
    • To highlight the mortality associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers returning from Africa.
    • To emphasize the delayed presentation of Plasmodium vivax malaria in travelers.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of imported malaria case data in the UK.
    • Examination of infection sources, particularly travel to malaria-endemic areas.
    • Review of malaria species and associated clinical outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • The UK has experienced a high burden of imported malaria, second only to one other European nation.
    • A marked increase in reported malaria cases has been observed in recent years.
    • Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers returning from Africa has a case fatality rate averaging 6.5%.
    • Plasmodium vivax malaria can manifest months after a traveler's return from a malarious region.

    Conclusions:

    • Imported malaria remains a significant public health concern in the UK, with increasing case numbers.
    • Travelers returning from malaria-endemic areas, particularly Africa, face a considerable risk of infection and potential fatality.
    • Delayed diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria is a critical issue for returning travelers, necessitating sustained clinical vigilance.

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