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Selenium biochemistry.

T C Stadtman

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 8, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Selenium is an essential micronutrient involved in vital oxidation-reduction reactions in animals and bacteria. Research focuses on understanding selenium

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    Utilization of selenocysteine as a source of selenium for selenophosphate biosynthesis.

    BioFactors (Oxford, England)·2001

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Nutritional Science
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Selenium toxicity has been documented since the 1930s, but its essential role as a micronutrient for animals and bacteria is a more recent discovery.
    • Only three selenium-dependent enzyme-catalyzed reactions are currently known: formate dehydrogenase, glycine reductase, and glutathione peroxidase.
    • These selenium-dependent processes are all oxidation-reduction reactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the specific roles of selenium in biological systems.
    • To identify the chemical nature of selenium within selenoproteins.
    • To understand the mechanism of action of selenium in electron transport and its relation to selenium-deficiency diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of selenoproteins, particularly from bacterial glycine reductase systems.

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  • Investigation of the chemical form of selenium within these proteins.
  • Studying energy conservation mechanisms involving selenium-dependent reactions.

    • Main Results:

    • A fourth selenoprotein has been isolated from sheep skeletal muscle, but its function remains unidentified.
    • Selenium in clostridial glycine reductase selenoprotein is covalently bound, potentially as a novel organoselenium compound.
    • The bacterial glycine reductase system demonstrates energy conservation through ATP synthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Identifying the chemical nature of selenium in electron transport proteins is crucial for understanding its biological role.
    • This knowledge can shed light on the etiology of selenium-deficiency related cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.
    • The bacterial glycine reductase system is a promising model for studying selenium's mechanism of action due to its availability and energy conservation properties.