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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer
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Why are small bowel tumours rare? An experimental model.

K C Calman

    Gut
    |July 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    Small bowel tumors are less common, possibly due to local immune responses. This study in mice suggests immune deficiencies increase small bowel tumor incidence, supporting a role for immunity in cancer prevention.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Small bowel tumors are clinically observed to be rarer than stomach or colon cancers.
    • Factors like small bowel contents' fluidity, sterility, and rapid transit time are proposed for this lower incidence.
    • A local immune response against malignant cells is also hypothesized as a contributing factor.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of local immune responses in the development of small bowel tumors.
    • To compare tumor incidence in the stomach versus the small bowel under varying immune conditions.
    • To explore the potential of immune surveillance in suppressing small bowel cancer.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a transplantable tumor model (Gardner lymphosarcoma) in CBA mice.

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  • Administered tumor cells into either the stomach or the small bowel of mice.
  • Manipulated host immune status through thymectomy, irradiation (T-cell deficiency), and thymus grafting (reconstitution).

    • Main Results:

    • In normal and reconstituted mice, higher tumor incidence was observed in the stomach compared to the small bowel.
    • In T-cell-deficient mice, the incidence of tumors was equal in both the stomach and the small bowel.
    • These findings indicate a potential difference in immune surveillance between the stomach and small bowel.

    Conclusions:

    • Local immune responses appear to play a significant role in suppressing the development of small bowel tumors.
    • The immune status of the host influences tumor incidence at different gastrointestinal sites.
    • This research supports the hypothesis that immune surveillance mechanisms contribute to the lower incidence of small bowel cancers.