Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid Digestion01:06

Lipid Digestion

73.7K
Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
73.7K
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

16.0K
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
16.0K
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

3.6K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.6K
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

3.9K
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
3.9K
Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

6.4K
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
6.4K
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

4.3K
Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ocular events following the surge of cough and cold medications use during the Omicron outbreak in Hong Kong.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2022
Same author

Can hemifacial spasm lead to glaucomatous changes?

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2022
Same author

Genome Sequence Resource of <i>Bacillus</i> <i>velezensis</i> EB14, a Native Endophytic Bacterial Strain with Biocontrol Potential Against the Poplar Stem Canker Causative Pathogen, <i>Sphaerulina musiva</i>.

Phytopathology·2020
Same author

Genomic and exoproteomic diversity in plant biomass degradation approaches among Aspergilli.

Studies in mycology·2018
Same author

The gold-standard genome of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> NRRL 3 enables a detailed view of the diversity of sugar catabolism in fungi.

Studies in mycology·2018
Same author

Microbial Interactions.

Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B·2017
Same journal

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a long-acting monoclonal antibody against malaria in African adults.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Extracellular matrix reprogramming by the YAP/TAZ- TGF-ß2 axis drives immune exclusion in cholangiocarcinoma models.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles foster the immunosuppressive landscape of pancreatic cancer.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Julie Zikherman receives the ASCI/Marian W. Ropes, MD, Award.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Targeted degradation of MDM2 overcomes feedback regulation of p53 signaling in Merkel cell carcinoma models.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

SGLT2 inhibitors enhance ketogenesis by acting as allosteric activators of the mitochondrial enzyme HMGCS2.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation
12:37

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Published on: October 7, 2015

21.0K

Human cartilage lysozyme.

R A Greenwald, A S Josephson, H S Diamond

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |September 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human cartilage contains lysozyme, an enzyme found extracellularly and associated with glycosaminoglycans. Its degradation may increase serum and synovial fluid lysozyme in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds
    08:02

    Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

    Published on: January 7, 2019

    10.5K
    Synthesis of Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels
    08:34

    Synthesis of Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels

    Published on: July 21, 2023

    1.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 6, 2026

    3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation
    12:37

    3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

    Published on: October 7, 2015

    21.0K
    Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds
    08:02

    Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

    Published on: January 7, 2019

    10.5K
    Synthesis of Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels
    08:34

    Synthesis of Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels

    Published on: July 21, 2023

    1.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Biomaterials Science
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Lysozyme is an enzyme present in various human tissues.
    • Cartilage is a complex biomaterial with a unique extracellular matrix.
    • Understanding the localization and binding of lysozyme in cartilage is crucial for joint health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure lysozyme content in human cartilage.
    • To investigate factors controlling lysozyme binding within cartilage.
    • To explore the potential role of cartilage lysozyme in rheumatoid arthritis.

    Main Methods:

    • Lyophilized human costal and hyaline cartilage were incubated in various buffers and salt solutions.
    • Extraction efficiency was studied using different pH, monovalent, and divalent cation concentrations.
    • Lysozyme binding capacity was assessed by incubating cartilage with exogenous lysozyme.

    Main Results:

    • Lysozyme was extracted from hyaline cartilage using alkaline buffers and high salt concentrations.
    • Cation-dependent extraction correlated with chondroitin sulfate binding affinities.
    • Extractable lysozyme content varied between cartilage types, ranging from 0.80 to 3.36 µg/mg.
    • Cartilage demonstrated a binding capacity of 0.053 equivalents of lysozyme per equivalent of chondroitin sulfate.
    • Fibrocartilage and synovium showed no detectable lysozyme, despite synovium's lysosomal content.
    • Lysozyme extraction paralleled uronic acid release under mild conditions.
    • Cartilage lysozyme is extracellular, non-lysosomal, and acts as a counterion to glycosaminoglycans.

    Conclusions:

    • Lysozyme is present in human hyaline cartilage, bound to glycosaminoglycans.
    • The extracellular and non-lysosomal nature of cartilage lysozyme suggests specific functional roles.
    • Cartilage degradation may contribute to elevated lysozyme levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients.