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Bladder complications in patients receiving cyclophosphamide for systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis

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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Disorders of the Urinary System

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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