Circular dichroism measurements of the tetracyclines. IV. 5-Hydroxylated derivatives

From extensive circular dichroism measurements of a variety of tetracycline (TC) derivatives in the presence and absence of a variety of chelating ions, it is concluded that 5-hydroxytetracycline possesses an identical solution conformation to that possessed by all fermentation-derived, bioactive TC species in dilute aqueous solutions at pH 7.5 or below. These conditions resemble those encountered under normal physiological circumstances. In alkaline solutions, the conformation of of 5-hydroxytetracycline diverges from the non-5-hydroxylated subclass of TC species. This divergence is rationalized as due to a buttressing effect of colinear peri-substituents at positions 4, 5, and 6 and is assisted by the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the 5 and 12a hydroxyl groups. Chelation, in alkaline solutions, with Mg ions "locks" the molecule into a conformation which has been detected by others in nuclear magnetic resonance studies in concentrated non-aqueous solvents and in X-ray studies with the 5, 12a-diacetoxy analogue. Parallel studies with a variety of model TC species and Ca ions provide strong support for the hypothesis that both Ca and Mg ions bind at the BCD juncture and that, above pH 7.5, the Ca ion binds to the A ring between 4-NMe(2) and 12a-OH, whereas Mg ion does not do this. If a 5-OH group is present, the Ca ion still binds as before, whereas the Mg ion will bind to the AB rings between 5-OH and 12a-OH. These factors are discussed in conjunction with the various conformations potentially available to the molecule.