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Metabolic adaptation to prolonged exercise.

K Scheele, W Herzog, G Ritthaler

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |May 18, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Substrate supply impacts endurance running performance. Shorter races heavily rely on carbohydrate metabolism, while marathon runners show greater shifts towards fat utilization and ketone body production.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Human Metabolism
    • Sports Science

    Background:

    • Endurance events challenge metabolic homeostasis.
    • Understanding substrate utilization is key to optimizing performance and recovery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of substrate supply in healthy subjects after varying long-distance running events.
    • To analyze metabolic responses to 10 km, 25 km, and marathon races.

    Main Methods:

    • Study involved 50 healthy subjects participating in 10 km, 25 km, and marathon races.
    • Metabolic variables related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were measured post-exercise.

    Main Results:

    • Carbohydrate metabolism markers (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) were highest in 10-km runners.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Marathon runners exhibited decreased insulin, increased glucagon and cortisol, and higher free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate.
  • Glycogen depletion is a limiting factor up to 90 minutes; beyond this, metabolic shifts indicate increased reliance on fat and ketone bodies.

    • Conclusions:

    • Metabolic responses differ significantly based on endurance event duration.
    • Glycogen availability is critical for shorter endurance events, while longer events necessitate a shift towards fat and ketone metabolism.
    • Hormonal changes (insulin, glucagon, cortisol) reflect these distinct metabolic adaptations.