Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

Evaluation of the anticholinesterase activity of metronidazole and misonidazole

R Von Burg, P J Conroy

    European Journal of Pharmacology
    |May 15, 1979
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases10:24

    NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases

    Published on: June 30, 2019

    Assessing the Putative Anticryptococcal Properties of Crude and Clarified Extracts from Mollusks09:18

    Assessing the Putative Anticryptococcal Properties of Crude and Clarified Extracts from Mollusks

    Published on: December 2, 2022

    Related Concept Videos

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:22

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

    Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, or anticholinesterases, enhance the body's cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholine's breakdown. They are categorized as reversible or irreversible agents based on their mechanism of action. They are further classified into short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting agents based on their duration of action.
    Reversible agents containing quaternary amines, such as neostigmine and edrophonium, are not easily absorbed orally because they are...
    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

    Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
    At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
    Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

    Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

    Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
    Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
    Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

    Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

    Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the conjunctiva.
    Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

    Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

    Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
    Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
    Anthelminthic Agents01:15

    Anthelminthic Agents

    Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...