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Rethinking suicide: notes toward a critical epidemiology.

K Hopper, S Guttmacher

    International Journal of Health Services : Planning, Administration, Evaluation
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Epidemiology can critique social and economic factors contributing to disease, particularly suicide. Research highlights risks from social marginalization and economic hardship, urging a focus on societal structures over individual management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Sociology of Health

    Background:

    • Disease genesis is often rooted in social and economic factors.
    • Epidemiology offers potential as a tool for social criticism.
    • Suicide and suicide research serve as a pertinent case study.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore methodological challenges in suicide research.
    • To review major findings in suicide research.
    • To critique dominant interpretations of suicide research findings.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed exploration of methodological difficulties in suicide research.
    • Comprehensive review of existing major findings.
    • Critical analysis of prevailing interpretations.

    Main Results:

    • Consistent findings link suicide risk to marginal status, unemployment, and weak social support.
    • Sociostructural implications of suicide research have been largely overlooked.
    • Focus has shifted to individual management despite limited success of prevention centers.

    Conclusions:

    • An alternative framework for understanding suicide is proposed, emphasizing disaggregation of the act.
    • Self-destruction may be more pervasive in the social environment than statistics indicate.
    • Societal factors, not just individual pathology, are crucial in understanding suicide.

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