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Halothane hepatitis.

A H Qizilbash

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |January 20, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Halothane anesthesia can cause severe liver injury, including fatal hepatocellular necrosis, especially with repeated exposure. Monitoring prothrombin time is crucial for predicting outcomes in patients with halothane-induced hepatitis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Anesthesiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Halothane anesthesia is associated with a risk of liver injury.
    • Hepatocellular injury following halothane exposure has been previously reported.
    • The spectrum of halothane-induced hepatitis ranges from mild to severe, potentially fatal liver damage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe clinical features and outcomes of hepatocellular injury after halothane anesthesia.
    • To identify factors associated with mortality in halothane-induced hepatitis.
    • To review the English literature on halothane-related hepatitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Case series describing five patients with hepatocellular injury post-halothane anesthesia.
    • Clinical data collection including symptoms, laboratory values (prothrombin time), and outcomes.

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  • Literature review of approximately 600 reported cases of halothane-related hepatitis up to 1971.

    • Main Results:

    • Five cases of hepatocellular injury were observed, with three fatalities due to massive liver necrosis.
    • Survivors experienced jaundice and dark urine after halothane exposure; liver biopsy showed necrosis.
    • Prothrombin time >20 seconds correlated with fatal outcomes, while <20 seconds indicated survival.

    Conclusions:

    • Halothane anesthesia can lead to severe, potentially fatal, hepatocellular injury.
    • Repeated exposure to halothane increases the risk of severe liver damage.
    • Prothrombin time serves as a critical prognostic indicator in halothane-induced hepatitis.