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Breathing pattern and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in divers.

J T Florio, J B Morrison, W S Butt

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Experienced divers show a significantly blunted ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, indicating altered respiratory control mechanisms. This adaptation in breathing patterns is crucial for underwater environments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Diving Medicine

    Background:

    • Divers operate in unique environments requiring specialized physiological adaptations.
    • Understanding respiratory control is vital for diver safety and performance.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in divers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the breathing patterns and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide between experienced divers and non-divers.
    • To investigate the physiological differences in respiratory control between these groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten experienced divers and ten non-divers of similar age and build were recruited.
    • Breathing patterns were analyzed using the equation VE = M (VT - K).

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  • Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was assessed using the equation VE = S(PCO2 - B).

    • Main Results:

    • Divers demonstrated a 27% lower M value and a 33% lower S value compared to non-divers, both statistically significant (P < 0.05).
    • The B value was significantly higher in divers (P < 0.05).
    • These differences were independent of age, build, or vital capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Experienced divers exhibit a significantly reduced ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.
    • Altered respiratory control, characterized by a lower gain (S) and altered chemosensitivity (B), is a key adaptation in divers.
    • These findings suggest a physiological adaptation to the demands of breath-hold diving.