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Related Experiment Videos

Thermoregulation in swimmers and runners.

R G McMurray, S M Horvath

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Trained swimmers and runners exhibit distinct thermoregulatory responses to varying water temperatures during exercise. While swimmers better tolerate cold water, runners adapt more effectively to heat, indicating sport-specific thermal acclimatization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Environmental Physiology
    • Thermoregulation

    Background:

    • Thermoregulation is crucial for maintaining homeostasis during exercise in different environments.
    • Understanding how different training modalities (swimming vs. running) affect thermoregulation in aquatic settings is important for athletes and coaches.
    • Previous research has explored thermoregulation in athletes, but direct comparisons between swimmers and runners in varied water temperatures are less common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the thermoregulatory responses of trained swimmers and runners during exercise in cold and hot water.
    • To investigate the effects of water temperature on metabolic rate, heart rate, body temperatures, and heat exchange in these two athletic groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Six trained swimmers and five trained runners exercised for 30 minutes at 60% VO2max while immersed to the neck in water temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35°C.
    • Measurements included oxygen uptake, metabolic rate, heart rate, skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), body heat content, and heat storage.
    • Sweat rates and tissue conductance were also assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Oxygen uptake was similar between groups across all temperatures.
    • Runners showed greater metabolic rate increases in cold water (20°C), while swimmers did in warmer water (30°C and 35°C).
    • Swimmers demonstrated superior thermoregulation in cold water (20°C) and higher tissue conductance in hot water (35°C), whereas runners tolerated heat better and achieved higher sweat rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical training in water enhances cold tolerance but does not improve heat acclimatization as effectively as land-based training.
    • Swimmers may possess physiological advantages for thermoregulation in cold aquatic environments, potentially due to body composition or vasomotor control.
    • Runners exhibit better heat tolerance during aquatic exercise, suggesting different adaptations to training environments.

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