Germination of Azotobacter vinelandii cysts: sequence of macromolecular synthesis and nitrogen fixation

Azotobacter vinelandii cysts undergo conversion to vegetative cells in Burk's nitrogen-free medium utilizing glucose, sucrose, or acetate. In 1% glucose, this overall process was complete in 8 hr and consisted of a germination and an outgrowth phase. Respiration, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis began soon after the addition of the germinant, and these processes proceeded at rates characteristic of the germination. The rates of respiration and synthesis increased sharply between 4 and 5 hr, the beginning of the outgrowth, at which time deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and nitrogen fixation began. Respiration, macromolecular synthesis and nitrogen fixation continued at high rates until the emergence of vegetative cells from the cyst coats.