Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
09:29
Fabrication and Implantation of Miniature Dual-element Strain Gages for Measuring In Vivo Gastrointestinal Contractions in Rodents.
Published on: September 18, 2014
The hormonal regulation of pyloric sphincter function
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 1, 1973
Summary
Secretin and cholecystokinin enhance pyloric sphincter pressure, while gastrin I inhibits this effect. These findings in vitro correlate with human pyloric sphincter function in vivo.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Gastrointestinal Physiology
- Hormonal Regulation
Background:
- The pyloric sphincter plays a crucial role in regulating gastric emptying.
- Understanding the hormonal control of pyloric sphincter function is essential for comprehending digestive processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the hormonal control mechanisms governing pyloric sphincter function.
- To compare the effects of specific gastrointestinal hormones on pyloric muscle activity in vitro and in vivo.
Main Methods:
- Dose-response curves for gastrin I, cholecystokinin, and secretin were generated using opossum pyloric circular muscle in vitro.
- Human pyloric pressure was measured in vivo during intravenous infusions of these hormones.
- The interaction between hormones and their effects on pyloric pressure and muscle tension was analyzed.
Main Results:
- Cholecystokinin and secretin acted as potent agonists on the pyloric muscle, increasing tension and pressure.
- Gastrin I did not increase pyloric muscle tension or pressure but acted as an antagonist to cholecystokinin.
- In humans, both cholecystokinin and secretin significantly increased pyloric pressure, with additive effects at submaximal doses.
Conclusions:
- Secretin and cholecystokinin augment pyloric sphincter pressure, whereas gastrin I antagonizes these effects.
- The in vitro hormonal responses of the pyloric sphincter muscle correlate with observed human pyloric sphincter function in vivo.
Related Concept Videos
01:40Hormonal Regulation
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
01:33Hormonal Regulation
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
01:19Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Humoral stimuli,...
01:25Regulation of the Digestive System
Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...
01:25Hormones Secreted by the Stomach
Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
01:26Gastric Phase of Digestion
The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...