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Sphingolipid composition of human platelets.

R V Tao, C C Sweeley, G A Jamieson

    Journal of Lipid Research
    |January 1, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human platelets contain lactosylceramide and hematoside as major glycosphingolipids. Platelets also show a high proportion of ceramide, a unique characteristic among blood cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Lipidomics

    Background:

    • Glycosphingolipids are crucial components of cell membranes.
    • Platelets play vital roles in hemostasis and thrombosis.
    • Understanding platelet lipid composition is essential for cellular function research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids in human platelets.
    • To identify and quantify specific glycosphingolipid species.
    • To investigate the impact of enzymatic treatments on glycosphingolipid levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Silicic acid chromatography for lipid extraction and fractionation.
    • Analysis of sugar molar ratios and permethylation products.
    • Enzymatic assays using stereospecific glycosidases.

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  • Gas chromatography for fatty acid analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Lactosylceramide was the most abundant neutral glycosphingolipid (64%), with major fatty acids 20:0, 22:0, 24:0, and 24:1.
    • Hematoside, containing N-acetylneuraminic acid, was also identified.
    • Platelets exhibited a high ceramide fraction (1.3%) with distinct fatty acid composition.
    • Protease treatment (trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin) increased hematoside yield.

    Conclusions:

    • Human platelets contain lactosylceramide and hematoside as principal neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids, similar to leukocytes, liver, and spleen.
    • The relatively high proportion of ceramide in platelets may be a unique characteristic.
    • Glycosphingolipid profile provides insights into platelet membrane structure and function.