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Foetal brain development in the sheep.

G H McIntosh, K I Baghurst, B J Potter

    Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study details normal Merino sheep fetal brain development, revealing two growth phases crucial for neurodevelopment. Sheep are classified as prenatal brain developers due to significant brain maturity at birth.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology
    • Comparative Anatomy

    Background:

    • Understanding fetal brain development is crucial for identifying potential developmental abnormalities.
    • Sheep, particularly Merino sheep, serve as valuable models for studying mammalian neurodevelopment.
    • Previous research has provided limited detailed information on the specific developmental trajectory of the ovine brain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively describe the normal pattern of Merino sheep fetal brain development.
    • To analyze the changes in brain weight and biochemical composition during gestation.
    • To determine the relative maturity of different brain segments at birth.

    Main Methods:

    • Foetuses were collected via hysterotomy at multiple gestational ages (40-150 days).

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  • The central nervous system (CNS) was dissected into four segments: cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
  • Biochemical analyses included DNA, RNA, protein, cholesterol, and water content determination for each segment.

    • Main Results:

    • Brain weight increased significantly from 0.264 g at 40 days to 52.74 g at 150 days gestation.
    • DNA synthesis rates varied across brain regions, with cerebral hemispheres and brain stem showing rapid increases early in gestation (40-90 days).
    • Brain growth occurred in two distinct phases: neuroblast proliferation (up to 90 days) followed by neuroglial proliferation and myelination (after 90 days).
    • At birth, the brain reached 50% of adult size, with specific regional percentages (cerebral hemispheres 52%, cerebellum 40%, spinal cord 40%).

    Conclusions:

    • The Merino sheep exhibits a well-defined pattern of prenatal brain development characterized by two distinct growth phases.
    • The observed developmental trajectory supports the classification of sheep as prenatal brain developers.
    • The findings provide a foundational dataset for future research into ovine neurodevelopmental disorders.