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Related Experiment Videos

Normal human locomotion.

J Hughes, N Jacobs

    Prosthetics and Orthotics International
    |April 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Understanding normal and pathological gait involves analyzing movements and forces. This study examines joint actions during walking, comparing normal gait to that of above-knee amputees.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Locomotion
    • Gait Analysis

    Background:

    • Normal locomotion requires understanding movement and force dynamics.
    • Pathological gait presents unique challenges in movement and force analysis.
    • The gait cycle comprises distinct stance and swing phases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the principles of force action analysis in walking.
    • To extrapolate joint and muscle actions from simple examples to general locomotion.
    • To compare normal gait with pathological gait, specifically in above-knee amputees.

    Main Methods:

    • Description of gait cycle events.
    • Basic principles of force action analysis in walking.
    • Extrapolation of force analysis from elbow joint to locomotion.

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  • Use of "stick diagrams" in the sagittal plane to analyze leg joint actions.

    • Main Results:

    • Muscle actions are required to counteract joint turning moments caused by walking forces.
    • Joint forces are directly related to these counteracting muscle actions.
    • Analysis identified specific joint actions during normal walking.
    • Comparison highlighted differences between normal and pathological (above-knee amputee) gait.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive understanding of locomotion necessitates analyzing both movement and force.
    • The study provides a framework for analyzing joint and muscle actions in walking.
    • The methods can be applied to understand and compare normal and pathological gaits.