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Membrane structure: some general principles.

M S Bretscher

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 17, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Erythrocyte membrane structure guidelines reveal asymmetric lipid distribution and protein localization. Proteins with external carbohydrates act as locks, preventing diffusion, while most proteins associate with the cytoplasmic side.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Membrane Biophysics

    Background:

    • The erythrocyte membrane's lipid and protein arrangement is crucial for cellular function.
    • Understanding membrane structure provides insights into higher organisms' cellular organization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish general guidelines for the structure of higher organism membranes.
    • To focus attention on specific aspects of membrane organization.

    Main Methods:

    • Discussion and synthesis of existing knowledge on erythrocyte membrane composition.
    • Formulation of hypotheses regarding lipid and protein distribution and movement.

    Main Results:

    • Membranes feature a lipid bilayer with specific phospholipid and glycolipid asymmetry.

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  • Transmembrane proteins often possess external carbohydrates acting as anchors.
  • Lipids and proteins exhibit lateral mobility but not trans-bilayer movement.
  • Most membrane proteins are associated with the cytoplasmic surface.

    • Conclusions:

    • Established guidelines for membrane structure, including lipid asymmetry and protein localization.
    • Proposed roles for carbohydrates in protein anchoring within the membrane.
    • Highlighted the distinct nature of membrane proteins as cytoplasmic rather than secreted entities.