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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst
11:03

Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst

Published on: June 24, 2022

Primary biliary cirrhosis in India.

A K Samanta, A G Bhagwat, M Mukherjee

    Gut
    |June 1, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary

    Primary biliary cirrhosis is rare, with only one case found in a six-year prospective study. This marks the first documented instance of this liver disease in the Indian subcontinent.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Autoimmune Diseases

    Background:

    • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of bile ducts.
    • The epidemiology and occurrence of PBC vary significantly across different geographical regions.
    • Data on PBC prevalence in the Indian subcontinent is notably scarce.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the incidence and occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis within a specific prospective study.
    • To document the first confirmed case of primary biliary cirrhosis originating from the Indian subcontinent.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective search was conducted over a six-year period.
    • Patient data was systematically collected and analyzed to identify cases of primary biliary cirrhosis.

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    Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb
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    Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

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    Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

    Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst
    11:03

    Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst

    Published on: June 24, 2022

    Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb
    04:50

    Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb

    Published on: January 17, 2025

    Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
    05:22

    Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

    Published on: February 13, 2026

    Main Results:

    • Only one case of primary biliary cirrhosis was identified during the six-year study period.
    • This represents the first documented case of primary biliary cirrhosis from the Indian subcontinent.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary biliary cirrhosis appears to be a rare condition in the studied population.
    • The findings highlight a significant gap in the understanding of PBC epidemiology in the Indian subcontinent and underscore the need for further research.