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Factors affecting cellulolysis by Ruminococcus albus.

W R Smith, I Yu, R E Hungate

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |May 1, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ruminococcus albus enzymes efficiently digest cellulose, especially in small quantities. Digestion is inhibited by cellobiose and glucose, and affected by oxygen exposure, suggesting multiple enzymes are involved in cellulose breakdown.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology

    Background:

    • Ruminococcus albus is a key anaerobic bacterium involved in plant fiber degradation.
    • Cellulose digestion is crucial for nutrient cycling in ruminant digestion and industrial applications.
    • Understanding the factors affecting cellulase activity is essential for optimizing these processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate factors influencing the enzymatic digestion of cellulose by Ruminococcus albus.
    • To characterize the activity and properties of Ruminococcus albus cellulase.
    • To identify potential inhibitors and optimal conditions for cellulose breakdown.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized various strains of Ruminococcus albus, including a mutant, for cellulose digestion experiments.

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  • Employed cell-free enzyme preparations and dialysis bag techniques to study digestion kinetics.
  • Assessed the impact of substrate type, product inhibition (cellobiose, glucose), pH, temperature, and oxygen on enzyme activity.
  • Investigated enzyme absorption and desorption characteristics on cellulose.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell-free Ruminococcus albus enzymes digested up to 65% of small cellulose quantities.
    • Cellobiose and glucose significantly inhibited cellulose digestion.
    • Enzyme activity was optimal between pH 6.0-6.8 and at 45°C.
    • Oxygen exposure irreversibly reduced cellulolytic activity, and enzyme absorption onto cellulose was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple enzymes likely contribute to the cellulolytic activity of Ruminococcus albus.
    • Enzyme absorption, product inhibition, and oxygen sensitivity are critical factors affecting cellulose digestion efficiency.
    • Optimizing conditions and enzyme formulations could enhance cellulose breakdown for various applications.