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Severe viral hepatitis type B in infancy;.

J M Dupuy, D Frommel, D Alagille

    Lancet (London, England)
    |January 25, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Severe hepatitis B virus infection can occur in infants, sometimes leading to death. Maternal transmission and neonatal blood exposure are significant risk factors for infant hepatitis B.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Virology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Infants can develop severe acute viral hepatitis, presenting as fulminant liver failure.
    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant concern in neonatal populations.
    • Risk factors include neonatal blood product exposure and maternal carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical presentation and outcomes of acute viral hepatitis in infants.
    • To determine the association of hepatitis B virus with severe hepatitis in infants.
    • To identify potential routes of transmission, including maternal contamination.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of clinical data from fourteen infants with acute viral hepatitis.
    • Assessment of liver function tests (prothrombin time, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, bilirubin).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Hepatitis B virus markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBSAg] and antibody [HBSAb]) detection using passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay.
  • Liver biopsy in cases of liver failure.
  • Review of neonatal transfusion history and maternal HBSAg carrier status.

    • Main Results:

    • Eleven out of fourteen infants had evidence of hepatitis B virus infection (HBSAg and/or rising HBSAb).
    • Liver biopsies in eight infants showed widespread necrosis without inflammation.
    • Eight infants had received neonatal blood derivatives; five had mothers who were chronic HBSAg carriers.
    • Eight out of fourteen infants died despite intensive supportive care, including exchange transfusions and anti-HBS gamma-globulins.

    Conclusions:

    • Severe and fulminant hepatitis B can occur in infants.
    • Infants are capable of eliminating the hepatitis B virus.
    • Maternal contamination is a likely source of severe hepatitis in infants.
    • Early identification and management of hepatitis B in infants are crucial.