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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
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Published on: March 15, 2019

Olfaction and muscle activity: an EMG pilot study.

R K Schwartz

    The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Olfactory stimulation has limited effects on human muscle activity at rest. Electromyography showed minimal changes, with children responding more than adults, suggesting cautious clinical application.

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    Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

    Published on: January 24, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology
    • Electromyography

    Background:

    • Limbic and olfactory structures have proposed therapeutic significance.
    • Previous claims regarding olfactory stimulation's effects on muscle activity lack empirical data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of olfactory stimulation on human muscle activity at rest.
    • To determine if olfactory agents can elicit measurable electromyographic changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Electromyography (EMG) monitored muscle activity in seven children and seven adults.
    • Stimuli included peppermint oil and smelling salts in supine, seated, and standing positions.
    • Targeted muscles were upper trapezius, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, and rectus femoris.

    Main Results:

    • Minimal EMG changes observed: 10.7% with peppermint oil, 12.5% with smelling salts.
    • Trapezius muscle showed the most responsiveness.
    • Children were more responsive than adults; smelling salts as an initial stimulus increased overall responsiveness.

    Conclusions:

    • The study indicates that the proposed effects of olfactory stimulation on muscle activity are more limited than previously believed.
    • Findings suggest cautious implications for clinical practice.
    • Further research is recommended to explore these limited effects.