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Electroencephalographic changes in epileptics while viewing television.

C D Binnie, C E Darby, A T Hindley

    British Medical Journal
    |November 17, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Watching television can trigger abnormal brain activity in epileptic patients, even those without a history of "television epilepsy." Flickering screens significantly worsen these electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Clinical Neurophysiology

    Background:

    • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
    • Intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) is a known seizure trigger in some epileptic individuals.
    • Television viewing has been anecdotally linked to seizures in a subset of patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) effects of television viewing in epileptic patients.
    • To determine the prevalence of E.E.G. abnormalities during television exposure in patients with abnormal responses to IPS.
    • To assess the impact of screen flicker on E.E.G. activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten consecutive epileptic patients with documented abnormal E.E.G. responses to IPS were recruited.
    • Patients underwent E.E.G. monitoring while watching television under normal viewing conditions.

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  • The effect of deliberately flickering the television screen on E.E.G. activity was also studied in a subset of patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Nine out of ten patients exhibited spike-wave discharges on their E.E.G. during television viewing.
    • These E.E.G. abnormalities occurred even when the television set was functioning normally.
    • Deliberately flickering the screen intensified these spike-wave discharges in five of the subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Television viewing can induce significant E.E.G. abnormalities in epileptic patients, irrespective of a prior history of 'television epilepsy'.
    • The visual stimuli from television, particularly flickering, represent a potential trigger for epileptiform discharges.
    • Further investigation into visual triggers in epilepsy is warranted.