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Pharmacokinetics of cephradine suspension infants and children
Insights
Cephradine suspension pharmacokinetics in children show higher serum concentrations when fasting. Salivary levels were often below inhibitory concentrations for common bacteria.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pharmacology
- Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics
Background:
- Cephradine is a widely used antibiotic in pediatric populations.
- Understanding its pharmacokinetic profile in children is crucial for effective dosing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pharmacokinetics of cephradine suspension in infants and children.
- To evaluate the impact of feeding status on cephradine absorption and elimination.
- To assess cephradine concentrations in saliva and urine.
Main Methods:
- 16 pediatric patients (13 months to 8 years) received 60 mg/kg cephradine doses.
- Serum, saliva, and urine samples were collected at various time points.
- Pharmacokinetic parameters (peak concentration, AUC, half-life) were determined.
- Antimicrobial activity in saliva was compared to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).
Main Results:
- Mean peak serum concentrations were 21.3 mug/ml (fasting) and 9.9 mug/ml (nonfasting) at 30 minutes.
- Area under the curve (AUC) was 26% higher in fasting subjects.
- Serum half-life was 0.8 hours (fasting) and 1.0 hour (fed).
- Antimicrobial activity was found in 49% of saliva samples, often below MICs for key pathogens.
- Urinary cephradine concentrations varied widely (28-8,760 mug/ml) and were unaffected by feeding.
Conclusions:
- Fasting enhances cephradine absorption and serum concentrations in pediatric patients.
- Salivary cephradine levels may be insufficient to inhibit common respiratory pathogens.
- Urinary excretion is a significant elimination route, independent of feeding status.
Abstract:
The pharmacokinetics of cephradine suspension were studied in 16 infants and children who were 13 months to 8 years and 3 months of age (means age, 3.5 years). Mean peak concentrations of 21.3 and 9.9 mug/ml were achieved at 30 min after administration of 60-mg/kg doses to fasting and nonfasting patients. The area under the serum concentration-time curve was 26% larger in fasting than in fed subjects. The half-life of cephradine in serum was 0.8 and 1.0 h in fasting and fed groups, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was detected in 49% of all salivary samples; in 75% of specimens, the concentrations were less than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentration for most pneumococci and group A streptococci. Urinary concentrations of cephradine ranged from 28 to 8,760 mug/ml and were independent of feeding status.