Ethylene glycol toxicosis in cattle

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Toxicology
• Animal Pathology

Background:

• Ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning is a known toxicosis in domestic animals, but its effects in cattle were not previously documented.
• A case of a calf succumbing to oxalate nephropathy after ingesting antifreeze prompted this investigation.

Observation:

• A 1-month-old calf died from oxalate nephropathy, with a history of antifreeze exposure.
• Clinical signs in experimentally intoxicated cattle included increased respiration, ataxia, paraparesis, depression, recumbency, and death.
• Higher doses (10ml/kg) induced hemoglobinuria, epistaxis, acidosis, hyperosmolality, and hemolytic anemia.

Findings:

• The toxic oral dose of ethylene glycol in cattle ranged from 2 to 10 ml/kg body weight.
• Constant findings included azotemia, hypocalcemia, and neutrophilia.
• Calcium oxalate crystals in tissues, particularly kidneys and brain, are key diagnostic indicators.

Implications:

• This research establishes ethylene glycol toxicosis as a potential threat to cattle.
• It provides crucial data on clinical signs, toxic doses, and diagnostic markers for veterinary professionals.
• Early recognition and diagnosis are vital for managing ethylene glycol poisoning in cattle.