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Immunity to influenza.

G C Schild, J S Oxford, J L Virelizier

    Developments in Biological Standardization
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Influenza virus immunity depends on viral factors like antigenic shift and drift, and host factors such as antibodies to surface antigens Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). Strain-specific antibodies are more crucial for immunity than those targeting stable determinants.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology and Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Influenza virus immunity is influenced by viral characteristics, including antigenic shift and drift of surface antigens Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA).
    • These antigenic changes enable the virus to evade host immunity, leading to recurrent pandemics and epidemics.
    • Host factors, particularly antibody responses to viral antigens, play a critical role in determining immunity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the viral and host factors contributing to immunity against influenza virus.
    • To explore the significance of different types of antibodies, including those targeting stable (CR) and strain-specific antigenic determinants.
    • To discuss the potential role of cellular immunity and secretory IgA in influenza protection.

    Main Methods:

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    • Review of existing literature on influenza virus immunology.
    • Analysis of serological studies examining antibody responses to viral surface antigens (HA and NA).
    • Consideration of findings from experimental models, including studies on delayed hypersensitivity and secretory IgA.

    Main Results:

    • Antigenic shift and drift in HA and NA are key viral mechanisms for immune evasion.
    • Humoral antibodies to HA and NA are indicators of immunity, with strain-specific antibodies likely more relevant than those to stable determinants.
    • While secretory IgA and cellular immunity have been observed, their precise roles in human influenza immunity require further establishment.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinguishing between antibodies to stable and strain-specific determinants is crucial for understanding influenza immunity.
    • Antibodies targeting strain-specific determinants appear more critical for protective immunity than those targeting conserved (CR) determinants.
    • Further research, potentially utilizing animal models, is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of host immunity to influenza.