Angina pectoris. Diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Medicine
• Preventive Cardiology

Background:

• Angina pectoris pathophysiology involves myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
• Coronary atherosclerosis is a common cause of angina.
• Effective management requires understanding underlying causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline rational therapeutic strategies for angina pectoris.
• To emphasize the importance of primary prevention in coronary artery disease.
• To highlight angina as an indicator for risk assessment and intervention.

Main Methods:

• Conservative management including lifestyle modifications and medications (nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol).
• Surgical intervention (aortocoronary bypass) for refractory cases.
• Risk factor evaluation (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) for primary prevention.

Main Results:

• Most angina patients respond to conservative treatment.
• Surgery improves selected patients with severe, medically resistant angina.
• Primary prevention of atherosclerosis is crucial for long-term outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Physicians can effectively manage angina by addressing oxygen supply/demand imbalances.
• Angina serves as a critical warning sign for coronary stenosis and sudden death risk.
• Identifying high-risk families for early primary prevention improves outlook for coronary artery disease.