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Heat tolerance and aging.

B L Drinkwater, S M Horvath

    Medicine and Science in Sports
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Children and older adults face heat stress risks due to cardiovascular instability and lower aerobic power, not just sweating. Tolerance depends on cardiovascular stability and sweat rate, with age being a less significant factor.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Environmental Health
    • Human Thermoregulation

    Background:

    • Children and older adults exhibit increased susceptibility to heat stress.
    • Inadequate sweating response is often cited as the primary reason for reduced heat tolerance in these age groups.
    • Confounding factors like varying exercise intensity and aerobic power complicate age-related thermoregulation studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the primary predictors of heat tolerance time in non-acclimatized females across a wide age range.
    • To determine the influence of age, cardiovascular stability, aerobic power, and sweat rate on exercise in heat tolerance.
    • To clarify the mechanisms underlying heat stress susceptibility in children and older adults.

    Main Methods:

    • 38 non-acclimatized females aged 12 to 68 years participated.

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  • Subjects exercised at 30-35% of their maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) in a heat environment.
  • Key variables measured included core temperature, cardiovascular stability, sweat rate, and time to tolerance.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiovascular stability emerged as the primary predictor of heat tolerance time, overriding age as a significant factor.
    • Individuals at the extremes of the age range (children and older women) were identified as being at higher risk.
    • Children's risk was linked to immature cardiovascular systems, while older women's risk was associated with reduced aerobic power.
    • Sweat rate significantly contributed to predicting tolerance time across all age groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiovascular stability, rather than age itself, is a key determinant of heat tolerance during exercise in the heat.
    • While age extremes present unique risks (cardiovascular immaturity in youth, lower aerobic capacity in older adults), sweat rate remains a crucial factor for all.
    • Further research is needed to differentiate between age-related sweating decline and fitness-level impacts on thermoregulation in older individuals.