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Related Concept Videos

What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
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Published on: August 8, 2014

Immunoreactive gastrin components in human serum.

J F Rehfeld, F Stadil, J Vikelsoe

    Gut
    |February 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Serum gastrin circulates in at least four forms, including smaller paired components. Researchers identified and characterized these distinct gastrin components in patients with pernicious anemia and gastrinomas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Gastrin is a key hormone regulating gastric acid secretion.
    • Understanding gastrin's molecular forms is crucial for diagnosing and managing related conditions like pernicious anemia and gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the apparent molecular size and charge of immunoreactive gastrin components in patient sera.
    • To differentiate between various gastrin forms circulating in the blood.

    Main Methods:

    • Sephadex gel filtration
    • Aminoethylcellulose chromatography
    • Trypsin digestion

    Main Results:

    • Four distinct serum gastrin components were identified: component I (proinsulin-sized, convertible to 'little' gastrin), component II ('big' gastrins), component III ('little' gastrins), and component IV ('minigastrins').
    • 'Big, big' gastrin was undetectable in sera but present in gastrinoma tissue extracts.
    • Gastrinoma-derived 'big, big' gastrin was heterogeneous, with molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 100,000.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum gastrin circulates as at least four molecular forms.
    • Three of these components appear as smaller, paired entities.
    • These findings contribute to understanding gastrin heterogeneity in gastrointestinal disorders.