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Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation
07:10

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Published on: August 16, 2013

Lipid peroxidation by human blood phagocytes.

T P Stossel, R J Mason, A L Smith

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |September 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human monocytes, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, generate more lipid peroxidation products during phagocytosis than granulocytes. These products, like malonyldialdehyde, show bactericidal activity, enhancing immune responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Monocytes and granulocytes are key immune cells involved in phagocytosis.
    • Lipid peroxidation is a cellular process with potential roles in host defense.
    • Understanding cellular differences in lipid metabolism is crucial for immunology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare lipid peroxidation in human monocytes and granulocytes during phagocytosis.
    • To investigate the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in monocyte lipid peroxidation.
    • To assess the bactericidal activity of lipid peroxidation products.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of human blood monocytes and granulocytes.
    • Incubation with polystyrene beads and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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    Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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    Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

    Published on: October 12, 2017

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    Measuring Granulocyte and Monocyte Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Human Blood

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    Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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    Published on: October 12, 2017

  • Measurement of malonyldialdehyde accumulation.
  • Analysis of phospholipid fatty acid composition.
  • Testing bactericidal activity of malonyldialdehyde.

    • Main Results:

    • Monocyte-enriched cells accumulated more malonyldialdehyde than granulocytes during phagocytosis.
    • Monocytes had a significantly higher molar fraction of arachidonate (20:4) in their phospholipids.
    • Granulocytes could peroxidize ingested lipids, but this capacity was linked to cellular oxygen metabolism.
    • Malonyldialdehyde exhibited bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

    Conclusions:

    • Human monocytes exhibit greater endogenous lipid peroxidation during phagocytosis, potentially due to higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
    • The capacity for lipid peroxidation in phagocytic cells is linked to cellular oxygen metabolism.
    • Toxic lipid hydroperoxide catabolites may enhance the bactericidal action of hydrogen peroxide in mononuclear phagocytes.