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[Mediastinal emphysema in children].

N A Ferrero

    Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Excessive airway pressure in infants can cause alveolar distention, leading to pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Air then moves into the mediastinum, causing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal medicine
    • Pediatric pulmonology
    • Medical imaging

    Background:

    • Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications in neonates.
    • The exact pathogenesis of these conditions in infants requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review cases of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in infants.
    • To investigate the relationship between airway pressure, alveolar distention, and air dissection into the mediastinum.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 25 infant cases with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
    • Analysis of clinical observations and potential etiological factors.

    Main Results:

    • Elevated airway pressure was associated with excessive alveolar distention.

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  • Pulmonary interstitial emphysema was identified as an intermediate step.
  • Air was observed to dissect from interstitial areas to the mediastinum.

    • Conclusions:

    • Increased airway pressure is a likely cause of alveolar and interstitial emphysema in infants.
    • This process can lead to pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
    • Understanding this mechanism aids in managing respiratory distress in neonates.