Cation fluxes and permeability changes accompanying bacteriophage infection of Escherichia coli

Infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T2 was accompanied by a rapid but transient increase in the rate of loss of small molecules from the bacterial cells. This transient leakage was studied with radioactive labels such as (42)K and (28)Mg. Bacteriophage-induced leakage was dependent on the ratio of phage to bacteria: the higher the multiplicity of infection, the greater the leakage. No leakage occurred at 4 C [when adsorption proceeds but injection of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is blocked]. Leakage was caused by heavily irradiated phage as well as by normal phage; therefore, the intracellular functioning of the bacteriophage DNA was not required. This conclusion was supported by experiments which showed phage-induced leakage in the presence of chloramphenicol or sodium cyanide. Leakage could be prevented by infecting the bacteria with phage in the presence of high magnesium concentrations. Phage-induced leakage was terminated by a "sealing" reaction, after which potassium turnover by infected and uninfected cells was very similar. The sealing reaction occurred even in the presence of chloramphenicol, suggesting that the sealing is controlled by bacterial and not bacteriophage genes. We were not able to detect any effect of normal bacteriophage infection on the influx (active transport) of potassium and magnesium into the cells.