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Related Experiment Videos

Correlation between cell cycle duration and RNA content.

Z Darzynkiewicz, D P Evenson, L Staiano-Coico

    Journal of Cellular Physiology
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cell cycle progression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human lymphocytes is linked to cellular RNA levels. Higher RNA content correlates with faster cell cycle transit, suggesting ribosome number influences progression rates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Cell cycle regulation is fundamental to cell proliferation and organism development.
    • Intercellular variability in cell cycle progression can impact experimental outcomes.
    • The role of intracellular components, such as RNA, in modulating cell cycle dynamics is an area of ongoing research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between cellular RNA content and cell cycle progression rates.
    • To determine if RNA levels can predict the duration of specific cell cycle phases (G1 and S).
    • To explore the potential correlation between ribosome abundance and cell cycle transit speed.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the metachromatic fluorochrome acridine orange for differential staining of DNA and RNA.

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  • Employed flow cytometry to measure green (DNA) and red (RNA) fluorescence in individual cells.
  • Synchronized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human lymphocytes using established cell cycle synchronization techniques (selective detachment, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine).

    • Main Results:

    • In CHO cells, faster progression through G1 and S phases correlated with higher cellular RNA content.
    • Human lymphocytes synchronized at the G1/S boundary exhibited significant intercellular variation in RNA levels.
    • Lymphocyte S phase duration was inversely proportional to RNA content, with high-RNA cells completing S phase faster than low-RNA cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Cellular RNA content, potentially reflecting ribosome number, is a significant factor influencing cell cycle progression rates in both cell lines.
    • The observed correlation suggests that ribosome biogenesis and function may play a critical role in determining the speed of cell division.
    • This finding provides a molecular basis for understanding intercellular heterogeneity in cell cycle dynamics within a population.